Summary of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay -- Maya Angelou Liter

Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, is a depiction of four Chinese ladies and the lives of their youngsters in the United States. The book examines the clashing societies between the United States and China, and how men treat ladies for the duration of their lives. In the United States we normally underestimate their jobs as a male or female. The way of life of every nation shapes the treatment one gets dependent on the sex of the person. There are evident contrasts inside the various societies. These distinctions show themselves in the work power, the particular assignments acted in the home, and the benefit one gets in the public arena. At places of work around the US, the ladies hold numerous places of significance. They are typically treated as equivalents with men and there are scarcely any occupations from which they are rejected. In China, ladies are required to remain at home and are not allowed to be in a work power that is held only for men. The ladies of America get reasonable wages and have earned the option to work with men. In China, ladies are doled out the job of housewives and must remain at home to clean the house and bring up the kids. Ladies in America get training's that will set them up for well paying occupations later on. The ladies in China are known for taking requests from their spouses. The following contrast in China from America is the various jobs ladies take in the home. The creator clarifies that a Chinese lady is relied upon to be a decent spouse for her picked husband. Young ladies are guaranteed at an early age to a man. The story "The Red Candle" (page 42) shows a masterminded marriage where the creator yielded her life to satisfy her folks' guarantee of marriage when she was just two years of age. At the wedding the light is lit at the two finishes and if neither one of the ends goes out it will be a fruitful marriage. Obviously, the lady was the one considered answerable for making the marriage an effective one. In an American marriage, each sex is considered responsible for the accomplishment of a marriage.

Persuasive Essay Topics For Sixth Graders

Persuasive Essay Topics For Sixth GradersPresenting persuasive essays is much more than just being able to write well. That's all fine and dandy but it isn't the only thing a student must learn. Here are some persuasive essay topics for 6th graders.One of the best persuasive essay topics for sixth graders is using statements that would work in any setting. With this topic students will be able to use statements like; 'At school they teach you about things that are important and in the future'After school, if you want to get into something you need to go to a college like Harvard or Yale' in an essay. Not only does this prompt students to use stronger statements in their writings, but they will be able to start to see the power in writing as a whole.One of the more controversial topics for sixth graders is homosexuality in the high school students. Although it's not something that's talked about often, it is still something that many feel should be discussed. Not only will students fi nd out what kind of people they have in their class, but they will also learn that their peers think of them differently. It is said that the less the child sees gays in the school, the better it is for them and they can even learn to accept and love who they are.It's important to make sure the persuasive essay topics for sixth graders are genuine. No matter how good of a writer a student may be, if they are lying, they will lose the trust of their classmates. The bottom line is that if you want to motivate your students to write well and promote a positive attitude, give them substance to go on.Studies have shown that persuasive essay topics for sixth graders tend to be the most effective in terms of making the students write well. In fact, writing will be somuch easier when the topic is in the middle grades. The reason is that this group will be able to understand the ideas easier than younger students.It's important for persuasive essay topics for sixth graders to be positive and informative. The key to do this is to get the student to use vivid and precise language. Talk about the pros and cons of a certain situation and keep the words 'it's'a' when they are necessary.The number one reason why persuasive essay topics for sixth graders are so effective is because it encourages students to write well. By the time they finish writing the essay, it will seem effortless to them. They will also be able to find the use of specific words that are required in the writing such as; 'It feels' in describing a situation, 'The present' to use the past to describe the future, and 'Another' to use the present tense to discuss the past.When students learn the methods that are required to write persuasively in essay topics for sixth graders, they will be able to use these techniques to improve their grades. Not only are they able to learn new ways to write, but they are also able to grasp concepts that they may have previously struggled with.

Health Care Information Systems Essay - 1082 Words

University of Phoenix Material Health Care Information Systems Terms Define the following terms. Your definitions must be in your own words; do not copy them from the textbook. After you define each term, describe in 40 to 60 words the health care setting in which each term would be applied. Include at least two research sources to support your position—one from the University Library and the other from the textbook. Cite your sources in the References section consistent with APA guidelines. |Term |Definition |How It Is Used in Health Care | |Health Insurance Portability and |This is a federal law that was passed in |HIPAA is used in†¦show more content†¦|is not authorized has access to it they | | | |will not get patient information that | | | |should be private. | |Personal health record |Is an electronic record of health related |Personal health record is the health record| | |information on a patient. This information |of the patient which the patient has | | |can come from different facilities that |control over. The patient can get health | | |the patient may have been seen at. And the |information from different providers and | | |information can be managed, shared, and |share this information as they see fit. The| | |controlled by the patient. |personal health record may have some health| | |Show MoreRelatedManagement Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems708 Words   |  3 PagesManagement Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems Many of people do not know what Management Information Systems and Health Care Information Systems do or the well paying jobs that that are in that field range. Other people know a very slim amount about them but do not understand why someone would want to major in these fields. This research will help you become more familiar with what they are, what they do, and the career choices they bring along, and how this field is veryRead MoreHealth Information Technology And Health Care System1371 Words   |  6 Pages Health Information Technology Technology and it use is a very powerful key in the health care system. It is so powerful to the point where the health care system cannot function without it. Both hospitals and clinics are depends on it to resolve problems also make life easier for both doctors and nurses. Technology has become the medical field backbone; it is very healthful to everyone in the medical field or the healthcare system such as doctors, nurses, students, professors, and patients. ItRead MoreHealth Care Information Systems ( Hcis )1121 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Information Systems Sitharam Devineni,devin2s@cmich.edu BIS 625 Research in Information Systems College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48858 USA Abstract The use of Information system in the field of health care is growing rapidly as a basic requirement for the health care organizations. Health care information systems (HCIS) is also known as Health care Informatics. The purpose of the paperRead MoreEvolution of Health Care Information Systems1196 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Health Information Systems HCS/533 April 21, 2013 Evolution of Health Care Information Systems The evolution of the health care information systems (HCIS) since 20 years ago had a profound impact in how health care is deliver today. In the mid-60’s health care information system began its history with President Lyndon Johnson signing of the law that provides medical coverage to the poor, the elderly, and the people with long-term disabilitiesRead MoreHealth Care Information System ( Hcis )1539 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care information system (HCIS) is an arrangement of information (data), processes, people, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support the health care organization (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013, p. 105). Having a ready access to accurate and relevant information is essential to health care organizations, providers, and patients (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013). The growing development of health care technology has theRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Health Care Information Systems1 299 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of Health Care Information Systems Dimetria Major HCS/533 March 29, 2013 Suzie Mays Evolution of Health Care Information System Health care has come a long way in technology for the past, implementing new technology has made the health care industry grow in size. Major events of health care have paved the way for future technologies influence the physicians, administrators, clinicians, andRead MoreWhat Is The Determination Of Information System Used In Health Care System888 Words   |  4 Pagesin treatment, so it improving the quality of treatment in acute care while lowering costs. [1] Medical devices should be capable of interchange data within the hospitals network. Standards have been developed for the equipment that allows interchange data. These standards providing the system developer the necessary tools that could allow for a full data interchange within health care system that deals with the real-time information on a patients status while in the healthcare facilities. [2] INTERNATIONALRead MoreHealth Care Information Systems Terms Hcs 4831033 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Health Care Information Systems Terms Define the following terms. Your definitions must be in your own words; do not copy them from the textbook. After you define each term, describe in 40 to 60 words the health care setting in which each term would be applied. Include at least two research sources to support your position—one from the University Library and the other from the textbook. Cite your sources in the References section consistent with APA guidelinesRead MoreWhat Is Telehealth, The Benefits Of Health Care Information Systems?1537 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcomes and access to care and cost savings to the health care system motivates healthcare organizations to implement telehealth services or expand their virtual services. Hospitals are implementing telehealth to avoid unnecessary visits and give patients, most especially in rural areas, easier and faster access to medical care (Aston, 2015, p. 22). The use of telehealth has the potential to improve the quality of care, health outcomes, and patient satisfaction and lower health care costs if use appropriatelyRead MoreEssay on Unit 3 Information Technology and S ystems for Health Care660 Words   |  3 PagesInformation Technology and Systems for Health Care Ursula Sheran HI300-01/Unit 3 June 1, 2015 Nakisha Floyd Unit 3 Assignment When the physicians tries to buy the same EHR product as their hospital it’s trying to accomplish how to make process writing order from their practices to the hospital. The physicians would have better access to the information that is needed to monitor the patients. The provider would be able to tap into the other providers’ through EHR systems

Democracy Is A Type Of Government System - 1498 Words

In Greek, the word democracy means â€Å"rule by the people (Greenburg and Page, 12). Democracy is a type of government system that is derived by the people. In democracy there are two types, direct and indirect. Direct democracy is when people in groups make their own decision on politics rather than the representatives. In America, indirect democracy is usually the custom form of democracy that is place on. Indirect democracy is people who are elected officials that represent the people who voted for them. Indirect democracy is also called representative democracy. There are three components in representative democracy, which are political equality, political liberty, and popular sovereignty. Political equality is where each person would†¦show more content†¦The conflict between the Republicans and the Democrats where they choose which is better, is not the people the one deciding what government system they like better. Is that not democracy? The purpose of the creati ng the constitution was not to be overpowered by the government, like when the colonies did not like how the treatment of the British government. The first constitution and it was the Articles of Confederation. When looking at the Articles of Confederation, the state government has the most power and that limits the central government (Jones, 208). However, the Articles of Confederation did not work as they hope so. For example, to pass a law it would need to be approved by 9 of the 13 states, which makes it difficult to pass a single law (Jones, 212). Not only that, there also problems in currency, foreign affairs, and there are feuds between states that they cannot handle. There was much democracy in the first constitution, it was limiting the government of their power, which the government were utter useless during that time. After the fail of the first constitution, this led to the Constitutional Convention. During the Constitutional Convention, there were two rivals the republ icanism and the democracy. The believers of republicanism, the Founders did not believe that people could or should rule directly and think it would lead to bad outcomes. There was worry that there was

Environmental Scan free essay sample

Internal and external factors help an organization in the decision -making process of its future state. Internal factors surround strengths and weaknesses and external factors identify the potential threats and opportunities outside of the organization’s span of control. In this paper, the author will describe the research of internal and external environments of OfficeMax and Sprint. This paper will determine the competitive advantages of both companies and what each is using. It will determine how each company creates value and sustainability of competitive advantages through business a strategy. The paper will also explain the measurement guidelines that each organization is using to verify its strategic effectiveness and the effectiveness of the measurement guidelines. OfficeMax OfficeMax is a leading provider of office supplies, ink, office furniture, and print services. Specifically, OfficeMax offers paper, writing instruments, printers, computers, desks, chairs, copy, and print services. OfficeMax vision focuses on supplies companies need to manage workloads so they can be at the frontline of business. They are also there to help organizations succeed with top, trusted brands of office products; technology and office furniture that delivers the performance and quality that is deserved† (OfficeMax, 2012). OfficeMax internal environment consist of the ideas and beliefs of the employees working toward the strategy of serving over 800 stores through direct sales, catalogs, and e-commerce. â€Å"With 40 years experience, innovative technology, convenient retail presence and most knowledgeable and friendly associates to back it up, we’re confident our customers won’t find another company who can deliver at every level†( OfficeMax- Who Are We, 2012). In order to determine competitive advantages, A SWOT analysis is completed. OfficeMax strengths surrounds what the company does well and resources that it can draw on, such as being a leader in both office and retail office supplies and the ability to provide document services and furniture to small, medium, and large businesses. The weaknesses of what OfficeMax could improve on or where it does not have as much resources as others could stem from additional marketing capabilities and being able to stand up to the competitor Staples, who is well known in the industry. OfficeMax should consider more advertising and marketing in order to get its name out there more in order to be sustainable. Opportunities that are open to OfficeMax and things that the company can take advantage of are: new technology and ways to attract more customers. A threat that could possibly cause issues would be their competitor, Staples, who seems well known in this industry. In the scanning process, OfficeMax has identified itself with innovative technology, but could look into new ways to provide newly developed software annually and move into areas that have not been targeted. OfficeMax has achieved the following environmental milestones: The first nationally distributed 100% post-consumer copier paper developed by their company and the first nationally distributed 100% post-consumer color copier paper manufactured by wind power (OfficeMax, 2012). Sprint Sprint is one of the leading providers of wireless communication. Innovation of implementing creative ideas is a corne rstone to the company’s success. Sprint focuses on services by looking at ways to bring the customers in and retaining them. The biggest seller for Sprint currently is the unlimited data plan. Sprint is the only network that has this program. With their competitor, ATT, customers tend to go over their plan usage, which causes more fees and the uncertainty of interrupted services. Sprint had to research and become creative in order to stay a step ahead of its competitors and provide innovative ideas. â€Å"Sprint Nextel served more than 55 million customers at the end of 2011 and is widely recognized for developing, engineering, and deploying innovative technologies, including the first wireless 4G service from a national carrier in the United States† (Sprint, 2012). In order to continue being one of the leading providers in wireless communication, Sprint will have to continue looking at innovative ways to stay ahead of its competitors and providing customers with excellent services. In taking a look at the environmental scanning process for Sprint, it must be noted that external information must be gathered from all levels need to be evaluated to see what kind of information is being distributed inside the company that could possibly cause concerns for management as it relates to any changes. With the market changing, Sprint has to scan the market environment by looking at technology and the competition. Sprint tracks trends that alert them what age groups, nationalities, and genders are purchasing certain phones and phone plans. Some external environmental forces that affect Sprint are shifts in demographics, amount of money consumers make, technology changes, and its competitor. In looking at a SWOT analysis, Sprint strengths focuses on providing a Sprint Nextel phone that has â€Å"served more than 56 million customers at the end of the second quarter of 2012 and is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies† (Sprint, 2012). Some weaknesses are the need to continue to look at more innovative ways to stay ahead of its competitors and providing customers with excellent services, a better supply chain, and bad signal communication. An Opportunity for Sprint could be the idea of acquiring another company to merge with. A possible threat could be that one of its top selling phones would be sold by one of its competitors such as ATT. In conclusion, an environmental scan is very important to any organization interested in being competitive and knowing the advantages and disadvantages that face the company. In this paper, the author discussed a SWOT analysis as a way to determine a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it relates to factors that play a part in environmental scanning. In the corporate business strategy, information is needed to determine the future and ways to remain sustainable. Sprint and OfficeMax are two companies that the author’s organization uses and supports. They are both reputable companies, but should always continue to look at way to be more resilient and continue to focus on marketing because it produces longevity.

Kotler and Levys Ideas

For a long period of time, many scholars and associations faced the same challenge: it was very difficult to define the essence of marketing and the peculiarities of marketing system (Hunt, 1976; Ravald and Gronroos, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kotler and Levy’s Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Taking into consideration achievements and investigations on the field of marketing, it was admitted that marketing was a combination of activities that aimed at facilitating the process of economical exchange (Graham, 1993). Society had to take as many different steps as possible in order to promote development and improvements of these activities. However, in 1969, considerable changes took place and influenced considerable marketing sphere. Philip Kotler and Sidney Levy (1969) made one of the most amazing and not inherent to the world announcement that â€Å"marketing is a pervasive societal act ivity that goes considerably beyond the selling of toothpaste, soap, and steel† (p. 10). This idea was frequently argued by many scholars because this broadened definition of marketing was not able to disclose the essence of this crucial and irreversible process. Kotler’s idea (1972) to broaden marketing perspective could not be comprehended. It was more important to apply â€Å"behavioral science consisting of a set of functions, the core of which was the exchange transaction† (Hirschman, 1983, p. 45). This is why it was not a surprise that Kotler and Levy’s marketing concept influenced considerably the development of events and involved more scholars to numerous discussions and evaluation of the concept. More people were eager to influence marketing development and not to allow Kotler and Levy’s ideas dominate in the sphere of business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wit h 15% OFF Learn More On the one hand, Kotler and Levy (1969) underlined the most important things in marketing system: everything was not about to market or not to market only; but whether it was possible to do everything well or poorly. Many various issues from relationship activities to political parties play an important role in development of marketing concept. This is why involvement of different organizations may disturb people and influence their perception of the concept. On the other hand, this suggestion developed the thought that something was already wrong and had to be changed. To comprehend the essence of marketing and to realize what steps should be taken more, it is necessary to go far beyond this traditional concept and focus on transactional actions (Laczniak and Michie, 1979). One more challenge that appeared after the discussed concept was introduced by McCole (2004) and connected to cross-disciplinary input. In general, he suggested to forget everything that had been achieved before and introduced more new concepts taking into account modern technologies and people’s demands. Modern marketing conceptions are traced back to Kotler’s work. Though he admitted the necessity of values exchange and transaction processes, within a short period of time marketing paradigm started to unify more disparate approaches in order to underline the importance of customer-market relations, quality of productions and services, marketing relations, and resource management (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). Can Kotler’s concept be relevant to modern business? Of course, it can, however, it will hardly cover all demands and requirements of this system. The idea of marketing is still accepted as a separate social unite that tries to be sought by one more social unit in order to be able to produce and offer the necessary values to the market. What I like the most in the concept under analysis is that the authors tried to explain that marketing had deep roots and started its development with the first human being. The example of such marketing may be Eve and the snake that convinced the woman to eat the apple. From some perspectives, this case may be regarded as weak but still working marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kotler and Levy’s Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nowadays, Kotler and Levy’s marketing concept may be proved by numerous examples. Almost each organization performs some kinds of marketing activities but still they are not recognized as such. The anti-cigarette campaigns may be taken as a possible example to demonstrate the effectiveness of this marketing concept with its all pros and cons. This company aims at promoting anti-smoking style of life and banning cigarettes on a legal level. The representatives of this campaign may be supported from different sides and demonstrate a plenty of ads. However, they cannot make as much money as those who deal with smoking ads and these â€Å"necessary-to-ban† products. One side markets cigarettes, another side market health. And in each case, there are both good and poor points which are evaluated by Kotler and Levy and argued by some other scholars. In fact, Kotler and Levy made one of the most powerful attempts to define strong and weak sides of marketing. They cannot be blamed for some broadened definitions. Their approach is comprehensible and has enough grounds to be explained (Brown, 2002); this is why it is possible to use their paradigm in regard to modern business. Reference List Brown, S. (2002), â€Å"Vote, vote, vote for Philip Kotler†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 313-324. Available from: http://business.nmsu.edu/~mhyman/M670_Articles/Brown_EJM_2002.pdf Graham, P. (1993), â€Å"Marketing’s domain: a critical review of the development of the marketing concept†, Marketing Bulletin, V ol. 4, pp. 1-11. Available from: http://marketing-bulletin.massey.ac.nz/V4/MB_V4_A1_Graham.pdf Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hirschman, E. C. (1983), â€Å"Aesthetics, ideologies and the limits of the marketing concept†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47, pp. 45 -55. Hunt, S.D. (1976), â€Å"The nature and scope of marketing†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 40, pp. 17-28. Available from: http://www.fearp.usp.br/fava/pdf/HUNT_The%20nature.pdf Kotler, P. (1972), â€Å"A generic concept of marketing†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36, pp. 46-54. Available from: http://business.nmsu.edu/~mhyman/M670_Articles/Kotler_JM_1972.pdf Kotler, P., Levy, S. (1969), â€Å"Broadening the concept of marketing†, Journal of Marketing, 33, pp. 10-15. Laczniak, G.R. and Michie, D.A. (1979), â€Å"The social disorder of the broadened concept of marketing†, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.7, No. 3, pp. 214-231. Available from: http://business.nmsu.edu/~mhyman/M670_Articles/Laczniak_Michie_Social_Disorder_Mktg_1979.pdf McCole, P. (2004), â€Å"Refocusing marketing to reflect practice: th e changing role of marketing for business†, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 531-539. Available from: http://www.fearp.usp.br/fava/pdf/MCCOLE2004.pdf Ravald, A. and Gronroos, C. (1996), â€Å"The value concept and relationship marketing†, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 19-30. Available from: http://www.iei.liu.se/fek/frist/722g60/gruppernas_artiklar_och_presentationer_2009/1.119948/ArtikelgruppA3.pdf Vargo, S. L., Lusch, R. F. (2004), â€Å"Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing†, Journal of Marketing, 68, pp. 1-17. This essay on Kotler and Levy’s Ideas was written and submitted by user Andrea Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay Sample on Self-Presentation Research of the Main Concepts

Essay Sample on Self-Presentation Research of the Main Concepts Self-Presentation essay example: Introduction The ability to manage impressions is an integral part in everyday life as individuals are able to alter peoples perceptions according to how one sees or wants to be seen by others. Self-presentation, also referred to as impression management, implies that an individual is monitoring how one is being perceived and evaluated by others and has considered the self-presentational implications of ones behavior (Leary, Nezlek, Downs, Radford-Davenport, Martin, McMullen, 1994). The amount of attention that people devote to their public images varies across situations and individuals. Some people are oblivious of others impression of them. On the other hand, there are people who are highly attuned to others evaluations and devote enormous amounts of effort to create the correct impression. A majority of people usually operate somewhere between these two bounds in that they tend to monitor at a moderate level on how they come across to others. However, in many situations people who are not mo nitoring or thinking about the impressions they are making can become quickly aware of others evaluative reactions (Leary Kowalski, 1990). Impression Motivation The discrepancy between why in certain situations people are motivated to affect how others perceive them, and other times not is referred to as impression motivation (Tetlock Manstead, 1985). Leary and Kowalski (1990) described impression motivation as being affected by three primary sets of factors: the perceived goal relevance of the persons impressions, the value of the persons desired goals, and the discrepancy between the persons desired and current images. Goal-relevance of impressions The more important the attainment of a goal is to ones self image, the more motivated people are to manage impressions to achieve that goal. People become more concerned with how others perceive them. Ferris and Porac (1984) researched some of the factors that would determine how relevant ones impressions are to the fulfillment of their goals. Their results indicated that people set higher goals when others were present. In other words, the more public a behavior is, the more significant it is to manage impressions to accomplish that goal. However, there are private behaviors that some people feel is necessary to self-present. Leary and Kowalski (1990) stated, people may privately prepare to perform impression-relevant behaviors in public (pg. 38). In some instances, people self-present in public settings so often that the actions become habitual, which may eventually carry over into their private behaviors. Value of desired goals People are motivated to manage their impressions the more they value a particular goal. Because the value of outcomes increases as their availability decreases, impression motivation should increase when valued outcomes are scarce. Pandey and Rastagi (1979) found that ingratiation in the workplace appears to increase, for example, as job competition becomes more fierce, and strategic self-presentation arises when valued resources are scarce. However, individual differences occur with people who are high in need for approval, because they are more motivated to self-present after failure in order to preserve their self-esteem (Schneider Turkat, 1975). This illustrates that being high in the need for approval is associated with greater incentive to manage impressions. Discrepancy between desired and current image This type of impression motivation occurs when there is a discrepancy between how the person wants to be seen by others and the image that person thinks others have of them. When an individual recognizes this discrepancy, there is a motivation to reduce the discrepancy. In a majority of situations, an embarrassing incident that is witnessed by someone else causes the need to initiate self-presentational tactics. Leary and his colleagues (1996) conducted an experiment that caused participants to become embarrassed, and then researchers noted that some of these participants engaged in self-presentational tactics to improve their damaged social image. Participants, through verbal expressions or blushing, were motivated to portray face-saving tactics to try to repair their image in the researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ eyes due to the embarrassing incident. Another type of discrepancy can occur when a person conveys an impression that is inconsistent with his or her own sense of self (Leary Kowalski, 1990). For example, if an applicant inadvertently insults an interviewer during a job interview, he or she would frantically try to retract the comment and assuage the situation. In these circumstances, individuals immediately try and self-present to get others to see them as they truly are, and to re-establish their social identity, which also restores their own sense of self. Self-Concept A persons self-concept is a primary determinant of the impressions one is trying to project. The more important or central a particular attribute is, the more likely it will be recognized through self-presentational behaviors. Effects of self-presentations on self-beliefs In a series of experiments, Jones and his colleagues (1981) investigated the effects of strategic self-enhancement or self-deprecation on subsequent ratings of self-esteem. In the first two experiments, participants who were induced to present themselves in either a self-enhancing or self-deprecating fashion during an interview later rated their self-esteem in a manner that was consistent with their self-presentations. Similarly, in the third experiment, participants who played a self-enhancing role for the interview also assessed their self-esteem as higher than they original began with. This shift was only true if the participant did not have pre-planned answers to the interview questions, but answered freely in-role. In the opposite experimental condition, participants playing a self-deprecating role demonstrated a lower self-esteem only when they were given a clear choice on whether to engage in the interview. Overall, the participants believability of their self-presentations en hanced the internalization of those presentations (Jones et al., 1981). Another experiment demonstrated that self-presentations have an impact on subsequent self-appraisals, behaviors, and recall of relevant events (Schlenker, Dlugolecki, Doherty, 1994, Experiment 1). Participants were either instructed to present themselves as sociable during an interview or were given information about the importance of sociability but were not interviewed. All of the participants waited in a room with a confederate who later judged how sociable each participant behaved. After the experiment, participants completed an assessment of their own sociability and any instances outside of the laboratory that were relevant to sociability. The results revealed that the participants who presented themselves as sociable at the interview later behaved more sociable, rated themselves as more sociable, and recalled more past experiences in which they behaved sociable than did the participants who were not interviewed. Another important finding was that no differences emerged for an y other features such as self-esteem, intelligence, leadership abilities, or affective states. Therefore, this experiment demonstrated not only that self-presentations have an impact on behaviors, but also that these effects correspond only to self-images portrayed in self-presentation and are not the results of a shift in affect or self-esteem (Schlenker et al., 1994). These findings allude to the idea that peoples self-concepts can be influenced by the way people present themselves. Audience effects Research has demonstrated that even the mere presence of an audience can enhance the internalization of ones self-presentations (Tice, 1992). A pair of studies showed that participants who were induced to describe themselves in particular ways for an audience tended to bring their self-beliefs more in line with their self-descriptions than participants who described themselves anonymously. In each study, after the participant was told in which manner to act, they were asked to take a chair into a waiting room where an unknown confederate would already be sitting. Sitting relatively close to the confederate and having a conversation characterized extraverted behavior. Introverted behavior was seen as sitting far from and not speaking to the confederate. The changes in self-beliefs extended to changes in the participants behaviors, and these behavioral changes occurred even when the participants were unaware of being observed (Tice, 1992, Study 2). At the end of the experiment, the par ticipants were debriefed and so no lasting self-concept changes would be seen in any follow-up procedures. Further research could examine whether this induced self-concept change could have lasting effects. Self-Presentation to Help Others People will strategically exploit or withhold information regarding a friends identity in order to help create a desired impression for a friend upon significant audiences. For example, if an employee in a business is trying to get a friend a job where he or she works, then the employee will deliberately speak of only the good qualities that the friend possesses and not about how lazy their friend can be at times. Schlenker and Britt (2001) explored this with participants who had to describe their friend to a researcher who was evaluating their partners cognitive skills. As predicted, people engaged in more beneficial impression management to help friends who experienced more evaluative pressure to make a good impression, and this was stronger for people who were higher in empathy. Participants spoke of their friends with more favorable descriptions, and this effect increased as empathy increased. In addition, the stronger the friendship was, the more their friends portrayed their pa rtner as having a great deal of integrative ability about an important trait. In contrast, when the measure of friendship strength was weaker, there was very little display of any significant responsiveness to the evaluative pressures on their friends. The closer the relationships were, the higher the empathy and concern for the well being of the other became (Schlenker Britt, 2001). In a similar study by Schlenker and Britt (1999), friends would strategically control information about their friends identity according to the qualities preferred by an attractive person of the opposite sex. The same was conducted with an unattractive person of the opposite sex. When the friend found the other person to be good looking, the participant described their friends attributes consistently with the qualities that the attractive person deemed important. For example, if the attractive target prefers someone who is outgoing and sociable as an ideal date, they will describe their friend as relatively outgoing and sociable. The opposite was true for an unattractive individual. The participant would describe the friends attributes as contradictory to what the unattractive person considered important. The participant hoped the unattractive person would feel that the friend was not their type. This tactic could serve to protect the friend from unappreciated and unwanted attention. This experiment illustrated impression management to benefit friends by promoting and protecting their desired identities. Thus, all acts of self-presentation are self-serving or devious (Schlenker Britt, 1999). Self-presentation among friends and strangers Most self-presentation research has dealt with managing impressions among strangers but not friends. However, how one creates a positive impression may vary according to the audience one is trying to impress. Tice and his colleagues (1995) found that people self-present in a much more promoting manner when the audience consisted of strangers, and more modestly when self-presenting among friends. Friends presumably know about their friends past successes and achievements, eliminating the need to be boastful so not to seem conceited. On the other hand, strangers are unaware of any achievements the participants had partaken in; therefore, they could speak more favorably about themselves without seeming redundant or arrogant. In Study 2, the audience was manipulated to be made up of all strangers and one friend. With the addition of a single friend, the participant was inhibited to self-present even though the audience was made up of a majority of strangers (Tice et al., 1995). The resul ts of Study 2 replicated the results found in Study 1. Participants were more modest when answering questions in front of a friend then in front of a stranger. This result is because it is unnecessary to try to impress people who already know their friends successes and failures, this would only make one seem arrogant and pompous. Therefore, when the opportunity arises to flaunt ones positive characteristic, it is usually among an unknown audience. Influence of Cognitive Load on Self-Presentation Pontari and Schlenker (2000) explored the difference in peoples self-presentational abilities when given an additional cognitive load. The participants were either extraverted or introverted, and were asked to participate in an interview where they would act either extraverted or introverted. When a participant was self-presenting congruently with their own behavior, remembering an eight-digit number did not hinder their self-presentational abilities. However, incongruent self-presentations were affected by the additional cognitive demand. When an extraverted person was asked to behave introverted during an interview and remember an eight-digit number, their acting capabilities were decreased. For extraverts, cognitive demand seemed to block needed cognitive resources, but they were still able to perform reasonably well. Ironically, the opposite was true for introverts playing an extraverted role during the interview. It seems that the addition of the cognitive load had a liberating effect in that their attention was diverted from worrying or feeling shy about acting extraverted since they had to remember the eight-digit number. Pontari and Schlenker (2000) took this a step further with their next study to evaluate other situations when introverted individuals may feel less publicly self-conscious or had fewer negative self-focused thoughts. It was found that regardless of the social situation, if any cognitive load was placed on an introverted individual, that person would experience a reduction in negative self-thoughts, a reduction in public self-consciousness, and an increase in the ability to create an out-of-character impression. Overall, increased cognitive load can improve social performance (Pontari Schlenker, 2000). Nonverbal Behavior and Self-Presentation Much of previous research has been devoted to the verbal aspects of self-presentation. Depaulo (1992) explored the realm of controlling nonverbal behavior for self-presentational purposes. People might take a chance at expressing something nonverbally that they would normally be reluctant to express verbally. It is easy to deny or alter the meaning of a facial expression if a person begins to regret having done so. Sex There is a gender difference in the ability to nonverbally self-present throughout all ages. Research conducted on preschoolers to adults all indicated that females are the more talented deceiving sex (Depaulo, 1992). Depaulo (1992) asserted that women are nonverbally more involved and more open in their interpersonal interactions than men. Their faces are more spontaneously expressive, and they are more successful at posing a particular emotion. Depaulo (1992) also reasons that from an early age, women were more concerned with making good impressions and avoiding bad ones that over time their ability to nonverbally self-present was enhanced. However, a womens ability to move their body in a more involved and expressive manner may have been deliberate to begin with, but over time could become a habitual act. On the other hand, it may just be a natural and more comfortable way for a woman to behave and has no self-presentational implications. Physical Attractiveness Physically attractive individuals are better at expressing emotions spontaneously and are better at posing emotions with their faces (Depaulo, 1992). The contributing factor is believed to be that attractive people are more confident about their abilities and feel that they have an advantage over others. Perhaps an explanation for this phenomenon is that the person who is speaking to the attractive individual is not paying attention to the words or facial expressions the good-looking person is portraying, but rather concentrating on his or hers physical attributes instead. Conclusion The level of self-presentation one partakes in is motivated by how relevant managing an impression is in order to obtain a goal, how much an individual values that goal, and if an individual feels that there is a discrepancy between the image one wants to project and the image others perceive. In some situations, a person may self-present so often that the actions become habitual, then the person may begin to internalize those beliefs and their self-esteem is affected accordingly. There are a myriad of possibilities where a person can use self-presentation to influence others perceptions. Research has indicated that people will self-present in behalf of a friend to try to create an impression for another individual while the friend is not available. Further, a person will refrain from self-presenting when speaking about themselves in front of friends, but will boast in front of strangers. The complexity of verbal and non-verbal self-presentation makes it an integral part in everyday life.

Definition and Examples of Procatalepsis in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Procatalepsis in Rhetoric Procatalepsis is a  rhetorical strategy by which a speaker or writer anticipates and responds to an opponents objections. Also spelled prokatalepsis. Adjective: Procataleptic The  figure of speech and  argumentative strategy of procatalepsis is also known as  the  prebuttal, the figure of presupposal, anticipatio, and anticipated refutation. Nicholas Brownlees notes that procatalepsis is an effective rhetorical device in that while appearing  dialogic, in practice it allows the author to remain in complete control of the  discourse  (Gerrard Winstanley and Radical Political Discourse in Cromwellian England, 2006). Examples and Observations Listen, Liz, I know this is tough to hear, but- I know what youre going to say, she cut in, her voice quiet. I know what youre going to tell me to do. Accept it. Move on. Try to forget about what happened to him.He didnt respond. Shed second-guessed him.Right?Right.Well, its not so easy for me, she said. Im still here in London with all the memories, living next door to his empty house. I havent got myself a nice little holiday cottage in Devon to disappear to and forget about everything that happened.(Tim Weaver,  Never Coming Back. Viking, 2014) Frederick Douglass Use of  Procatalepsis I may be asked, why I am so anxious to bring this subject before the British public- why I do not confine my efforts to the United States? My answer is, first, that slavery is the common enemy of mankind, and all mankind should be made acquainted with its abominable character. My next answer is, that the slave is a man, and, as such, is entitled to your sympathy as a brother. All the feelings, all the susceptibilities, all the capacities, which you have, he has. He is a part of the human family. (Frederick Douglass, An Appeal to the British People. Reception speech at Finsbury Chapel, Moorfields, England, May 12, 1846) Platos Use of  Procatalepsis Someone will say: Yes, Socrates, but cannot you hold your tongue, and then you may go into a foreign city, and no one will interfere with you? Now I have great difficulty in making you understand my answer to this. For if I tell you that this would be a disobedience to a divine command, and therefore that I cannot hold my tongue, you will not believe that I am serious; and if I say again that the greatest good of man is daily to converse about virtue, and all that concerning which you hear me examining myself and others, and that the life which is unexamined is not worth living- that you are still less likely to believe. And yet what I say is true, although a thing of which it is hard for me to persuade you. (Plato, Apology, trans. by Benjamin Jowett) Uses of Procatalepsis Strategically, procatalepsis shows  your readers that you have anticipated their concerns, and have already thought them through. It is, therefore, especially effective in argumentative essays...Procatalepsis can even be used if you dont have a full answer to the objection. By being honest about the fact that there are problems with your argument, you show your audience that you are grounded in reality. You should never, however, bring up an objection to which you cannot respond. (Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick, 2007)Often, a writer will invent a possible objection or difficulty  in order to answer it in a way that strengthens the writers position. In the event such an objection should arise, the reader has an answer already laid out...An objection can occasionally be  turned into a further point of support for the writers argument. Conceding an objection and then turning it into a point in the writers favor can be a powerful tactic. (Robert A Harris,  Writing With Clarity and Style: A Guide to Rhetorical Devices for  Contemporary Writers, 2003. Rpt. Routledge, 2017) More Examples of Procatalepsis He knows every harbor, every cove and inlet throughout the chain; he has to.Those are fine credentials, Geoffrey, but hardly the sort- Please, interrupted Cooke. I havent finished. To anticipate your objection, hes a retired officer of US Naval Intelligence. Hes relatively young, early to mid-forties, Id say, and Ive no real knowledge of why he left the service, but I gather the circumstances werent very pleasant. Still, he could be an asset on this assignment. (Robert Ludlum, The Scorpio Illusion, 1993)No group in America has had as poor a start as the first Africans. Youll argue that other groups had to suffer indignities and even slavery, but I immediately remind you that they migrated (i.e. came by choice). Africans were wrenched (even if purchased) from their homeland, brutalized and forced to work for free. (Nashieqa Washington, Why Do Black People Love Fried Chicken? And Other Questions Youve Wondered But Didnt Dare Ask. Your Black Friend, 2006)

International Investments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Investments - Essay Example ne thing that makes Indian stock market as a good long term investment according to the article â€Å"Advantages for NRIS investing in the Indian Market† 2011, is that most of its stocks are correctly valued, returns of investment are excellent and its stock market is well regulated. In my observation, based on financial reports, India has a booming economy and is one of the emerging economies next to China. As such, confidence of investors is rising such that there are continuing interests from foreign multinationals on Indian companies. As compared to United States that is experiencing a slow economic growth; investors are losing interest of holding US dollars and therefore lessen interest in US investment. These investors now look for new investments in emerging countries like China, India and Brazil. India has advantage on this as the government continuously works on its deregulation and free market principles to attract investments. Because of the investors’ intere sts, the economy of India is expected to improve further and reach a high GDP figure of 10%, and economic growth will continue on years to come. Economic activities along this line are take-over, acquisitions and mergers and are spreading on iron and steel, spirits, manufacturing, auto parts, not just IT, and equity. Investment in the Indian debt securities, I believe, is a good investment because according to BSE (2011), the Indian debt market is one of the largest in Asia. Securities are issued by the government (central and state), public sector, other government bodies, financial institutions, banks and corporations. As such, the fixed income securities become one of the most attractive investment opportunities since it provides safety of investments, adequate liquidity, and flexibility in structuring a portfolio, easier monitoring, long term reliability and assured returns (India Debt Market, 2010). Fixed income securities may either be interest-bearing bonds, varied type of debt

How the organisation can effectively manage staff performance Essay

How the organisation can effectively manage staff performance - Essay Example Effective management of staff performance is very important to any organisation if it is to achieve its goals. The first step in ensuring managing employee performance is recruiting qualified personnel. Key competencies expected of new employees need be outlined in advance before the recruitment process begins (Dickens, 2012). Having a qualified workforce will ensure that tasks are performed effectively, and organizational goals are met (Storey 2007). Accomplishments and Contributions that employees perform give the human resources possibility to appraise the most notable employees and give feedback to their work and thus discover new resources for ideas and innovation (Thompson, 2012). My model organisation will be the Swiss company, â€Å"Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . It is the world’s number one Food Business with its long record of creating the best food for people. The company states that its main assets are not the numerous office buildings or factories, but the nationalities, religions and ethnic groups who consume Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s products and services. Unity and among employees enable the company to operate harmoniously in all its activities creating a single corporate culture (Revill, 2013). The company has developed a program that ensures Nestlà © attracts the most talented people/staff. The company is also making efforts to ensure good employees are retained (Revill, 2013). The company contributes actively to the quality of HRM by proposing policies and by constantly applying and implementing them to members of Nestlà © community. HRM assists in the execution of planning and creating awareness towards the required adaptability to unexpected situations. The expectations of the workers are to be clearly set and clarified by the management. There is need for an all-inclusive process between the management and the staff that helps to set what is expected of the employees and continuously spell out their functions. Every staff is from time to

Xenon :: essays research papers

Xenon Xenon is element number 54 on the periodic table of the elements. It has a mass of roughly 131 atomic mass units. There are 77 neutrons and 54 protons in the nucleus of the atom. The symbol for xenon is Xe and it belongs to the family of elements called the noble gases. It is called a noble gas because the valance shell of one atom contains a full shell. Xenon is one of the most stable elements on the table. The 54 electrons are arranged, so that there are 2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd, 18 in the 3rd, 18 in the 4th and lastly 8 in the 5th shell. The melting and boiling points of xenon are extremely low. They are -111 °C and -107 °C respectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Xenon and most of the other noble gases were discovered by Sir William Ramsey and M.W. Travers from England in 1898. The two scientists discovered it mistakenly while experimenting with crude krypton, another noble gas. They were separating the elements in the crude krypton through a process called fractional distillation. In fractional distillation, the process separates two elements that have different boiling points. Basic-ally, when a sample is heated, the faster element leaves first, leaving the second element behind. Krypton was known to have a boiling point at a temperature that is lower than xenon. So the scientists could predict that heating the mixture would leave krypton in the container, while the faster boiling xenon leaving it. After the two scientists separated krypton and xenon, they identified it as a new element through the emission spectrum of the gas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Xenon is used heavily in light bulbs. Many of the bulbs in camera flashes have xenon in them, because they can be used over 10,000 times without burning out, as well as producing a good balance of all colors. Xenon is also used in medical purposes. Local anesthesia is made up of 20% oxygen and 80% xenon. Xenon also can be injected or breathed into the body to give clearer M.R.I.'s or X-rays. In addition to the uses above, xenon is also in movie projector lamps, advertising lights, and bubble chambers, Bubble chambers are devices used by physicists that are used to detect nuclear radiation. The element is very chemically stable and unradioactive and is generally not harmful to man. Xenon is also nonflammable. It is only when it combines with other elements that xenon becomes hazardous. Xenon compounds are highly radioactive. This element accounts for a very minimal amount of the earth's crust. Only 3x10-9% of the earth contains xenon.

Do Not Go Gentle to That Good Night by Dylan Thomas Essay

Dylan Thomas was a well-known poet and writer whose poems were very famous, such as â€Å"And Death Shall Have No Dominion† and â€Å"The Play for Voice.† He was born on 27 October 1914, and he died on 9 November 1953. He was very popular in his lifetime, and he is still known by his works after his death. One of his works that I think is the most significant poem is â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night.† This work had been published about two years before his death – 1951, and it is also a part of the collection In Country Sleep. Dylan used the poem to express his feeling while his father was losing health and strength, encouraging his father to hold on to life. The theme of this poem is death. At the first line of the poem, â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night,† he wants to tell the unknown listeners not to go into that good night. We can easily find a poetic device of metaphor when he used the word night for death. We also have an extended metaphor in which day is life and night is death. The first line is also the title of the poem, repeated four times throughout the poem. The next two lines are â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at close of day/ Rage, rage against the dying of the light.† In the second line, we can see what the poet wants to show us about how the elderly should fight death with their remaining health. In addition, when he says â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light,† he wants to clearly confirm that this is the processing of the age – the death of old age. The first stanza is the thesis statement of the poem about aging and death. The first line of second stanza â€Å"Though wise men at their end know dark is right,† the metaphor of darkness is continually used; dark represents death. The meaning of this sentence is the clever men think that we are all going to die – it’s totally a natural process. However, at the second line â€Å"Because their words had forked no lighting they / Do not go gentle into that good night.† This sentence has an implication. The â€Å"word† in this line is the action of the clever people. The poet shows the unknown listener that though the clever men know that the death of aging is natural, they still try to fight it; they â€Å"do not go gentle to that good night.† This idea is continually developed in the next two stanzas: â€Å"The wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight grieved it on its way† and â€Å"the grave men who see with blinding sight.† They still fight against the dying of light – the death of aging. In the final stanza, â€Å"And you, my father, there on the sad height,† we know the unknown listener is the poet’s father, and he is dying. The poet by this poem, tries to beg and encourage his father to fight against the â€Å"dying of the light.† The speaker ends the poem by two lines: â€Å"Do not go gentle to that good night / Rage, rage against the dying of the light.† These are also the two lines that were repeated throughout the poem. This poem is one of the famous poems in Dylan Thomas’s collection. The poem not only is an encouragement that tells us not give up but fight against the dying of aging, but also he wants to tell his father not go to the darkness – â€Å"Do not go gentle to the good night†. Work Cite Shmoop Editorial Team. â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night: Stanza 6 Summary† Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2013

Negative Slope and Negative Correlation

In mathematics, the slope of a line (m) describes how rapidly or slowly change is occurring and in which direction, whether positive or negative. Linear functions—those whose graph is a straight line—have four possible types of slope: positive, negative, zero, and undefined.  A function with a positive slope is represented by a line that goes up from left to right, while a function with a negative slope is represented by a line that goes down from left to right. A function with zero slope is represented by a horizontal line, and a function with an undefined slope is represented by a vertical line. Slope is usually expressed as an absolute value. A positive value indicates a positive slope, while a negative value indicates a negative slope. In the function y 3x, for example, the slope is positive 3, the coefficient of x. In statistics, a graph with a negative slope represents a negative correlation between two variables. This means that as one variable increases, the other decreases and vice versa. Negative correlation represents a significant relationship between the variables x and y, which, depending on what they are modeling, can be understood as input and output, or cause and effect. How to Find Slope Negative slope is calculated just like any other type of slope. You can find it by dividing the rise of two points (the difference along the vertical or y-axis) by the run (the difference along the x-axis). Just remember that the rise is really a fall, so the resulting number will be negative. The formula for the slope can be expressed as follows: m (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) Once you graph the line, youll see that the slope is negative because the line goes down from left to right. Even without drawing a graph, you will be able to see that the slope is negative simply by calculating m using the values given for the two points. For example, suppose the slope of a line that contains the two points (2,-1) and (1,1) is: m [1 - (-1)] / (1 - 2) m (1 1) / -1 m 2 / -1 m -2 A slope of -2 means that for every positive change in x, there will be twice as much negative change in y. Negative Slope Negative Correlation A negative slope demonstrates a negative correlation between the following: Variables x and yInput and outputIndependent variable and dependent variableCause and effect Negative correlation occurs when the two variables of a function move in opposite directions. As the value of x increases, the value of y decreases. Likewise, as the value of x decreases, the value of y increases. Negative correlation, then, indicates a clear relationship between the variables, meaning one affects the other in a meaningful way. In a scientific experiment, a negative correlation would show that an increase in the independent variable (the one manipulated by the researcher) would cause a decrease in the dependent variable (the one measured by the researcher). For example, a scientist might find that as predators are introduced into an environment, the number of prey gets smaller. In other words, there is a negative correlation between number of predators and number of prey. Real-World Examples A simple example of negative slope in the real world is going down a hill. The farther you travel, the farther down you drop. This can be represented as a mathematical function where x equals the distance traveled and y equals the elevation. Other examples of negative slope demonstrate the relationship between two variables might include: Mr. Nguyen drinks caffeinated coffee two hours before his bedtime. The more cups of coffee he drinks (input), the fewer hours he will sleep (output). Aisha is purchasing a plane ticket. The fewer days between the purchase date and the departure date (input), the more money Aisha will have to spend on airfare (output). John is spending some of the money from his last paycheck on presents for his children. The more money John spends (input), the less money he will have in his bank account (output). Mike has an exam at the end of the week. Unfortunately, he would rather spend his time watching sports on TV than studying for the test. The more time Mike spends watching TV (input), the lower Mikes score will be on the exam (output). (In contrast, the relationship between time spent studying and exam score would be represented by a positive correlation since an increase in studying would lead to a higher score.)

The K/T Dinosaur Extinction Event

About 65 and a half million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, dinosaurs, the largest, most fearsome creatures ever to rule the planet, died off in vast quantities, along with their cousins, the pterosaurs, and marine reptiles. Although this mass extinction didnt happen literally overnight, in evolutionary terms, it may as well have — within a few thousand years of whatever catastrophe caused their demise, the dinosaurs had been wiped off the face of the Earth. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event — or K/T Extinction Event, as its known in scientific shorthand — has spawned a variety of less-than-convincing theories. Up until a few decades ago, paleontologists, climatologists, and assorted cranks blamed everything from epidemic disease to lemming-like suicides to intervention by aliens. That all changed, though, when the Cuban-born physicist Luis Alvarez had an inspired hunch. Did a Meteor Impact Cause the Extinction of the Dinosaurs? In 1980, Alvarez — along with his physicist son, Walter—put forth a startling hypothesis about the K/T Extinction Event. Along with other researchers, the Alvarezes had been investigating sediments laid down all over the world around the time of the K/T boundary 65 million years ago (its generally a straightforward matter to match geologic strata — layers of sediment in rock formations, river beds, etc. — with specific epochs in geologic history, especially in areas of the world where these sediments accumulate in roughly linear fashion). These scientists discovered that the sediments laid down at the K/T boundary were unusually rich in the element iridium. In normal conditions, iridium is extremely rare, leading the Alvarezes to conclude that the Earth was struck 65 million years ago by an iridium-rich meteorite or comet. The iridium residue from the impact object, along with millions of tons of debris from the impact crater, would have quickly spread all over the globe; the massive amounts of dust blotted out the sun, and thus killed the vegetation eaten by herbivorous dinosaurs, the disappearance of which caused the starvation of carnivorous dinosaurs. (Presumably, a similar chain of events led to the extinction of ocean-dwelling mosasaurs and giant pterosaurs like Quetzalcoatlus.) Where Is the K/T Impact Crater? Its one thing to propose a massive meteor impact as the cause of the K/T Extinction, but its quite another to adduce the necessary proof for such a bold hypothesis. The next challenge the Alvarezes faced was to identify the responsible astronomical object, as well as its signature impact crater — not as easy a matter as you might think  since the Earths surface is geologically active and tends to erase evidence of even large meteorite impacts over the course of millions of years. Amazingly, a few years after the Alvarezes published their theory, investigators found the buried remains of a huge crater in the region of Chicxulub, on Mexicos Mayan peninsula. Analysis of its sediments demonstrated that this gigantic (over 100 miles in diameter) crater had been created 65 million years ago — and was clearly caused by an astronomical object, either a comet or a meteor, sufficiently large (anywhere from six to nine miles wide) to occasion the extinction of the dinosaurs. In fact, the size of the crater closely matched the rough estimate proposed by the Alvarezes in their original paper! Was the K/T Impact the Only Factor in Dinosaur Extinction? Today, most paleontologists agree that the K/T meteorite (or comet) was the prime cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs — and in 2010, an international panel of experts endorsed this conclusion after re-examining massive amounts of evidence. However, this doesnt mean there couldnt have been aggravating circumstances: for instance, its possible that the impact was roughly concurrent with an extended period of volcanic activity on the Indian subcontinent, which would have further polluted the atmosphere, or that dinosaurs were dwindling in diversity and ripe for extinction (by the end of the Cretaceous period, there was less variety among dinosaurs than at earlier times in the Mesozoic Era). Its also important to remember that the K/T Extinction Event wasnt the only such catastrophe in the history of life on Earth — or even the worst, statistically speaking. For example, the end of the Permian period, 250 million years ago, witnessed the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event, a still-mysterious global catastrophe in which over 70 percent of land-dwelling animals and a whopping 95 percent of marine animals went kaput. Ironically, it was this extinction that cleared the field for the rise of the dinosaurs toward the end of the Triassic period — after which they managed to hold the world stage for a whopping 150 million years, until that unfortunate visit from the Chicxulub comet.

Things Fall Apart Women Essay - 1558 Words

vvIn the novel Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe presents a true reflection the conventional view of women and their roles in the many societies in Africa and across the world. Achebe uses a combination of various writing techniques and literary devices to effectively bring out the theme of the role of women in the novel. The author goes a mile ahead to highlight contextual issues surrounding the usual discussion of the role of women in the society. Inasmuch as most scholars focus on the presentation of women as being weak and subjugated group, the story contains bits of their contrasting depiction as being important, influential and more powerful than even men. Even so, the general perception about the overall position and role of women in†¦show more content†¦The priestess screams at Okonkwo spontaneously shouting that she wants to see her daughter (Achebe 101). Ironically, Okonkwo subdues to her threats and for the first and only time in the novel he pleads with anyone. Th e author reveals that he pleaded with Agbala to return the next morning since Ezinma was asleep at the time (Achebe 101). Pleading, especially to a woman, is not a natural response Okonkwo is expected to take based on his beliefs, character and behaviors. The fact that Achebe allows only a woman to subdue Okonkwo in his novel reveals his perception of the position of women in the society. Women are revered by the society as they are viewed as special beings and constantly being associated with the deity and trusted to perform vital rituals that affect the future of the people and the nature. Ani is believed to be a representation of goddess on earth. She is believed to be able to communicate with the ancestors (Achebe 36). The community performs a ritual before every yam harvest to please goddess Ani, so that their crops can grow (Achebe 30). Without the blessing of the goddess, the society risks their crops not growing. It is apparent that the whole society has placed a great deal of confidence and trust in a woman to elevate their status and give them vital rolesShow MoreRelatedEssay on Role of Women in Things Fall Apart947 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Women in Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart gives us a vivid description of the Igbo culture through the stories of Okonkwo and his village, Umuofia. In regards to Igbo culture, contributions of women cannot be ignored. Although their position and status seems to be underestimated by the people in the novel, women do play an important role in the Igbo culture in four aspects: women take care of the children, do all the housework, serve as priestesses, and build relationshipsRead MoreThe Portrayal of Women in Things Fall Apart Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesAn image that comes of African women is usually a faceless and a voiceless being. There is always a tendency to look at them more or less than a slave. Chinua Achebe’s post-colonial novel, Things Fall Apart, do at some points of the novel support the case of the subjugated African women in the course of Okonkwo’s life through the practice of polygamy, paying bride price, and the atypical case of Okonkwo beating his wives at sl ight frustration. In Okonkwo’s eyes, women are mere property and the onesRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pagesrevolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absence of a moderating female principle in his fictions; 3) Achebes progressively changing attitude towards women s roles; and 4) feminist prospects for African women. 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Johnson Wax Free Essays

Case: Johnson Wax: Enhanced Case analysis: Define the problem John Sherman, the product development manager of Johnson Company, had to take a decision about the future of Enhanced, a new instant hair conditioner. The issues faced by Johnson Wax are whether to launch ‘Enhance’ right now, launch it after some modifications or abandon the product. They wanted a new product with the same success that Agree, the company first care product but they also wanted to reduce the costs of the product development process. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnson Wax or any similar topic only for you Order Now Formulate the alternatives 1. Launch Enhance as it is right now 2. Make some modifications to the product or its positioning . Abandon the product Analyze the alternatives Current situation Johnson Wax is successful in a specific segment of the hair conditioning market with his product Agree. So they decided to offer another personal-care product line being Enhanced. This is an instant hair conditioner targeted toward woman 25-45 years old with dry hair and was formulated to appeal to that audience. Market potential The market of the conditioner in which Johnson Wax want to introduce Enhance counts 6 important companies in 1978: Johnson’s Agree (15,2%), Wella Balsam (4,7%), Clairol Condition (9,95), Flex (13,4 %), Tame (5,4%), and Sasson. The firm has previously done Blind-Use test, which actually showed that the consumers don’t distinguish great differences between different brands of conditioner. Tests have shown that one of the most important dimensions for the customers is the conditioning factor. But during the phase of callback the respondents mentioned most frequently manageability and conditioning came third. This means that the company should reposition itself. The market is open for new products that focus on manageability. An incentive to launch the product is that Agree would lose less than half a share point to Enhance. Product design Enhance was available in two sizes for both regular and extra conditioning formulations. It had one facing for each size and formulation. Enhance was offered in 8 and 16 ounce sizes in either clear or opaque plastic bottles with nozzle tops. Research have shown that sampling is not successful and a waste of resources. Another way must be used to promote the product. One way is advertising on TV or in magazines with the use of a celebrity. The downside of this is, that it could be quiet expensive. Distribution channels The distribution channels that Johnson might and should use are wholesalers and retailers through a system of manufacturers’ representatives and factory salesmen. Johnson has created a well established network throughout the years and if they use it to distribute the Enhance product it will reduce transportation cost due to economies of scale. Another benefits will be the reduction of costs through the already established knowledge of the manufacturers’ representatives and factory alesmen. Pricing As suggested in the ‘Trail Estimation’, Enhance was offered in 8 and 16 ounces sizes at $1,31 and $1,94 respectively. With these figures the trial rate of Enhance was estimated at 23%. If we look at the comparison to all ASSESSOR-tested health and beauty aids products, we can see that Enhance can be placed in the group between 20-30 %, which indicates a group percentage of 27,1%. Afte rwards the repeat rate was estimated through telephone call back interviews and they came to the conclusion that the repeat rate among buyers in the laboratory was 60%. If we compare that to the all ASSESSOR-tested health and beauty aids products, we can conclude that Enhance has a high repeat purchase rate. The overall conclusion is that we can set the prices at the level suggested in the ‘Trial Estimation’ because survey have shown that those prices will be accepted by the customers. The steps to the optimal solution 1) Recommend a solution -Abandoning the product is not an option because of the investment already made,e. g. product development and Assesor-test. If we would abandon the product, these costs will be sunk costs. Launching the product as it is now is also not a good option. The MDS, as a result of the ASSESSOR test, was not encouraging about Enhances’ prospects. It is clear that some modifications has to be made. -The optimal solution is to launch Enhance, given the prospective that they will modify the product and subsequently reposition it. Surveys have shown that sampling is not successful so another way of prom otion must be proposed. 2) Plan of action 1. Keep the price at the trial estimations rates, those were very similar to those of the competition( $ 1. 31 and $ 1. 94 for the 8 and 16 ounce sizes. . Sell the product through the existing distribution channels of the Agree line( distributed nationally and overseas to wholesalers and retailers through a system of manufactures’ representatives and factory salesmen. 3. An important step to ensure success of the product is that we make some modifications to the product. The ASSESSOR results in the product acceptance indicates that those who made a repeat purchase will most likely mention manageability as the thing they liked most about Enhance. The company does not really focus on manageability as much as they do on conditioning and cleaning. The relative importance of ‘manageability’ is merely 23% in comparison to 33% for ‘conditioning’. Given the results of the likes and the dislikes of the customer, we can conclude that the company needs to focus more on the ‘manageability’ of Enhance. Manageability needs to be the primary characteristic, followed by conditioning. 4. Given the switch of primary characteristic, the advertising need to be adjusted and thus mainly focussing on the manageability of the product. Advertising needs to focus on the fact that Enhance leaves hair shiny, lustrous, soft and silky, body and fullness. In a nutshell, it makes hair more manageable. This can be realized through advertising in magazines and TV. 3) Contingency plan The prediction trial/repeat model estimated the base shore at 3,9% while the preference model estimates the base share at 3,8%. The Johnson Wax management had set a target market share of 10%. This is about three times as high as the estimations. If we modify the Enhance product we can assume that the market share will increase in the test, hence the adaptations in favor of the likes of the consumer. We will set a base share of 7,5%, which need to be pursuit within two years. If we do not accomplish this objective, we need to abandon the product. How to cite Johnson Wax, Papers

Health of the Sex Workers-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Sex Work and Public Opinion. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the essay is to shed light on the question of whether sex work can be seen as just any other work, which also forms the thesis statement of this essay. Sex work, despite being one of the oldest profession of the world, is still now seen in a very derogatory light and this is the reason for its not being considered as a profession on par with the other reputed professions of the world. This essay makes use of two arguments to show that sex work is a work not like any other work. The essay also employs some counterarguments to this view and at the end of the essay, there is also a refutation of these counterarguments. Finally, in the conclusion the overall arguments as well as counterarguments discussed in the essay, are restated to make the thesis statement more prominent. Discussion A sex worker, can be defined as a person who by the choice of his or her profession indulges in sexual intercourse kind of work. However, it is not often that, it is treated by people as a job on par with other professionals like doctors, engineers and other. Society, stills views prostitution or sex work as a kind of derogatory profession, even though it is the second oldest profession of the world. The health problems related to the work as the social stigma that the workers face are immense and therefore it becomes more important that the sex workers are seen on a par with the other respectable professional of the world. The root cause of this can be ascertained to the fact that sex is seen as a form of taboo since the ancient ages and therefore anything related to sex is generally ostracized from the purview of the society. The main point that this essay tries to address is that sex work is not a common job like any other and thus it cannot be judged through the normal profession al parameters of society. This argument can be supported by the fact that there are various negative impacts of the job on the health of the sex worker as the as the social stigma that the sex workers face. However, there many sex workers who actually enjoy their job. This view, can be refuted by the fact that there are many workers who are forced to do it because of violence and poverty and they do not enjoy it. The first argument commonly given is that women who work in the sex service become vulnerable to a host of different health related problems. The chief health related problem that a sex worker has greater probability of getting is sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as HIV. According to a report sex workers are 10% times more at the risk of getting infected by HIV than the common population ("Protecting the rights of sex workers", 2017)The second health problem faced by the female sex workers is the problem of pregnancy It is not always the circumstances under which they have to work is safe and effective and thus there is always the risk of getting unwanted pregnant. Workers belonging to the lower economic strata of the society are driven by economic needs to work even after getting which might prove to be harmful both for the unborn baby as well as the mother. Substance abuse is another common problem that the workers face. The stressful conditions under which the sex wo rkers do their job often drives many of them to resort to commonly available drugs like weeds, cracks, crystal meth, cocaine and various other ones. In 2010 the total number of women dependent on the drug amphetamines of which only 0.31% were non sex workers (Alexandra Torrico, 2017). The sex workers are also susceptible to various mental problems which can be the result of the violence inflicted by their various male clients (Oram et al.,2012). The poor mental health and substance abuse are actually interconnected as it is seen many times that poor mental health often leads the workers to resort to substance abuse. The second argument is that the sex workers are seen in a very unequal light in society no matter from what cultural, social or educational background they are. Despite being a part of the second oldest profession of the world they are without any social security. They do not have a steady income source, as a matter of fact it is often seen that they able to earn as long as age, physical appearance and health is on their side. They also do not receive any economic or social benefits from the governments end and also the number of organizations working for their benefit and uplift is very less. The condition or the working environment in which they usually work is also not very congenial to their health. They are often forced to work in places like slums or shanties, where there is no scope of any social security. They are generally deprived of all their human rights and it was not until 2003 that New Zealand became the first country in the world to implement the concept of decriminal ization and placed sex work on par with the other well renowned professions of the world(McHugh, 2013). Then there are those who loose even the basic rights like the right of life as the right of freedom after they are smuggled through illegal means and forced into prostitution. The policy of decriminalization implemented by several countries of the world like New Zealand, Australia, Spain and others brought about a radical change in the way in which the sex workers look upon their own profession. According to the findings of a recent survey many sex workers at the present moment do not actually consider their careers as bad as the society normally views it. They, as a matter of fact, even enjoy their work because of its flexible working hours and the amount of easy money that they can make (Maher, Pickering, Gerard, 2012). The flexible work hours allows them to indulge in recreational activities as well as personality development activities which helped them in their job roles as well as can open new avenues to them in the near future. However, many people refute this argument by saying that most of them are forced to continue in this job because of their poor life or limited economic opportunities. Some of them are acquired by means of illegal trafficking and are thus forced to continue in the profession as long as the pimp or the person who owns them wishes them to work and thus the conclusion that the sex workers do not enjoy the kind of work that they do and possible means should be implemented to stop this profession. According to the findings of a recent report, in the year 2012 alone around 5.5 million people worldwide were victims of the machinery of human trafficking (Lee, 2013). It, thus becomes apparent that a very substantial percentage of the sex workers all over the world are not in the profession of prostitution by choice rather they are in the profession are means of force. Conclusion Therefore ,from the above paragraphs it becomes apparent that sex work though apparently a job like any other job is very unlike the other jobs or professions that are normally followed all over the world. This particular though unique in its own context consists of its own advantages as well as disadvantages .The chief two arguments that support the thesis statement of this essay are the negative impacts that the profession causes to the health of the sex workers and the social stigma that the sex workers are normally made to face. The counterarguments to this view are the fact that there are actually some sex workers, who actually enjoy their work. It can be for various reasons like the flexible working hours or the large amount of easy money that they can make. The primary fact that can be upheld as a refutation to this counterargument is the fact that a large number of the sex workers are forced into work either by means of poor economic conditions, illegal trafficking, lack of j ob opportunities and various other factors. Therefore ,it becomes apparent from the discussion that sex work is a job unlike any other job. References Alexandra, R. M., Torrico, M. G. C. (2017). Sex Work and Social Inequalities in the Health of Foreign Migrant Women in Almeria, Spain.Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala,58, 54. Lee, M. (Ed.). (2013).Human trafficking. Routledge. Maher, J., Pickering, S., Gerard, A. (2012). Privileging work not sex: Flexibility and employment in the sexual services industry.The Sociological Review,60(4), 654-675. McHugh, P. (2013).Prostitution and Victorian social reform. Routledge. Oram, S., Stckl, H., Busza, J., Howard, L. M., Zimmerman, C. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review.PLoS medicine,9(5), e1001224. Protecting the rights of sex workers. (2017).Unaids.org. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2017/june/20170602_sexwork

100 Years Of Solitude Essays - One Hundred Years Of Solitude

100 Years Of Solitude 100 Years of Solitude Just as Edmund Spenser believes in ?the ever-whirling wheel of Change; that which all mortal things doth sway,? so too does Gabriel Garc?a M?rquez. In One Hundred Years of Solitude, Colonel Aureliano Buend?a experiences life and the changes which accompany it. Spenser views human life as a constant change from one stage to another. The change may be either good or bad; but one thing is certain, change is inevitable. Colonel Buend?a is a dynamic character who transforms from an idealistic leader into an increasingly cynical and corrupt man. Toward the end of his life, he isolates himself from the rest of the world. In the beginning of Aureliano's career, he is an idealistic leader who is respected by his peers. He leads an uprising of ?twenty-one men under the age of thirty, armed with table knives and sharpened tools? against the Conservatives occupying Macondo. He adamently disagrees with their form of government and begins the reform movement led by the anticlerical and democratic bourgeoisie. After the Liberal victory, Aureltio becomes ?Colonel Aureliano Buend?a.? Aureliano's leadership parallels his father's leadership of these young men's fathers who helped him found the village of Macondo. Similarly, Aureliano commands respect from his subordinates and has enormous power over other men as well. After being captured by the enemy, Aureliano is not executed because the Conservative firing squad is only too happy to switch sides and follow him into the Liberal army. Colonel Aureliano appears to be immortal and ubiquitous, returning triumphant, surviving numerous assassination attempts, and continuing to hold the loyalty of his friends. When his comrade in-arms and oldest friend, Colonel Gerineldo M?rquez, proposes marriage to Aureliano's sister, Amaranta boldly rejects him because ?[Gerineldo] loves Aureliano so much [he] wants to marry [her] because [he] can't marry [Aureliano].? The Colonel has great allegiance and affection from those below him. However, as Aureliano's attitudes change, he loses their love and respect. After fighting many battles, Aureliano becomes increasingly cynical and corrupt. He comes to understand his own thoughts by writing out his experiences in verse. In this way, he comes to the terrible realization that ?[he] is fighting for pride.? As for what Gerineldo calls the ?Great Liberal party,? Aureliano declares that it ?doesn't mean anything to anybody? because the only difference between the Liberals and the Conservatives is the different hours that each party attends mass. Worse, he determines that his heroic struggle has simply been another Latin American power play. Likewise, Aureliano is a sell-out. He is easily persuaded to give up everything that he has gained for the Liberal cause: land reform, anticlericalism, and the ?aspiration for equality of rights between natural and legitimate children? for money from the Conservatives. The warfare is futile and has caused him to ?rot alive.? Power has gripped the Colonel, distorting his idealism and his values from his earlier days, when he thought it important to redistribute lands and protect civilian lives. In the same way, he orders Gerineldo M?rquez executed because of a trivial matter. He then spends the night trying to break ?the hard shell of his solitude? in order to recover some compassion for others. What results, though, is not love, but a new burst of pride and power. He decides to end the civil war by force rather than negotiation. Aureliano's cynicism and debauched view of the world lead to the final tragic stage of his life. In the latter part of his life, the once glorious Colonel Aureliano Buend?a isolates himself from the world around him. He does not have the capacity to love, and the fact that he has had sex with countless women, without ever learning their names or even waiting for daylight to see their faces, shows his inability to experience true love. He has fathered seventeen ?children of all ages, all colors, but all males and all with a look of solitude that left no doubt as to the relationship.? His indifference to his surroundings and circumstances lead to his loneliness. Like his father before him, the Colonel begins to lose contact with the world. He reaches the extreme of self-isolation when he orders a chalk circle drawn around him and refuses to let anyone, even his mother, come closer than two meters. The futility and desperation of his solitude is shown by his frustrated suicide attempt. After the Conservative victory, he tries to kill himself by aiming the gun to his chest. But the bullet misses all his vital organs. For the